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Energethique » Blog Archive » Réchauffement climatique : le cas de la suie

Réchauffement climatique : le cas de la suie

Quand on parle de réchauffement climatique il y a fort à parier que vous allez pointer du doigt le CO2 voire pour les plus avertis le méthane (CH4).
Certains iront jusqu’à mentionner la vapeur d’eau (H2O), le protoxyde d’azote (N2O), l’ozone (O3), … en incluant aussi les célèbres gaz fluorés comme les CFC.
Vous trouverez d’ailleurs une liste moins exhaustive ainsi qu’un ranking de leurs effets dans un article de Wikipedia.

Ce 15 janvier 2013 un article paru sur la revue Geophysical Research Atmospheres montre qu’il faudra aussi compter sur un nouveau venu : la suie.

Bonne et mauvaise nouvelle

Commençons par les points négatifs : la suie est le second élément le plus important participant au réchauffement climatique juste derrière le CO2.
Son effet vient d’en être réellement percé et il y a fort à parier qu’il faudra revoir les simulations existantes afin d’en tenir compte ; selon l’étude du GIEC publiée en 2007 et revue pour tenir compte de l’effet suie l’impact du réchauffement serait ainsi quasi doublé.

Bonne nouvelle ?
Peut être … en effet la « durée de vie » de la suie dans l’atmosphère est très limitée (de 7 à 10 jours), agir sur celle ci aurait donc un effet rapide sur le réchauffement climatique a contrario du CO2, dont le contrôle de la concentration dans l’atmosphère prendra de nombreuses années.
Ainsi d’après les chercheurs agir sur les émissions de suie et de méthane aurait un impact sur la moitié des causes du réchauffement et permettrait de réduire de 0.5°C le réchauffement à l’horizon 2050.
Cela n’a peut être l’air de rien mais grâce à cela nous pourrions atteindre l’objectif de limiter le réchauffement à maximum 2°C pour la fin de ce siècle.

Comment réduire la teneur en suie ?

Il y a bien sûr le moteur diesel, agir sur ses émissions permettrait d’engranger très rapidement des résultats positifs.
Enfin réduire les émissions des chauffages au bois et domestiques participerait également à atteindre l’objectif.
Ici je ne peux que faire un rapprochement avec un article récemment écrit ou l’on tirait un parallèle entre crise économique et pollution.
Bien entendu il y a d’autres sources de suie et notamment les feux de forêt pour lesquels il sera difficile d’agir et ce d’autant qu’avec l’accroissement des températures et des périodes de sécheresse ces incendies deviendront de plus en plus fréquents.

Parle de ce post à tes amis !