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Energethique » Blog Archive » La polémique sur les méga camions (aussi appelés éco combis) !
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La polémique sur les méga camions (aussi appelés éco combis) !

C’est d’un débat encore peu médiatisé mais très important que j’ai envie de vous parler aujourd’hui. Ce débat est celui des méga-camions, essentiel dans les discussions autour du transport. Les problèmes majeurs sont les suivants : faut-il favoriser le transport par rapport à la production localisée et si on favorise le transport, faut-il promouvoir le transport routier aux dépends du transport ferroviaire ?

Avant de passer au coeur du débat, tentons tout d’abord de comprendre la base, car aujourd’hui très peu de gens ont déjà entendu parler des méga camions.

Alors pour comprendre ce qu’est un méga camion, voici la définition de wikipedia, qui préfère les nommer éco combi vu l’économie de carburant qu’ils permettent de réaliser : « Un éco combi est un maxi-camion de 25 mètres de long environ permettant de réaliser une économie de 20 000 litres de carburant par an en exploitation longue distance — pour 10 000 kilomètres par mois environ — par rapport à un véhicule routier classique qui effectuerait le même kilométrage, ceci grâce au volume et à la charge supplémentaire qu’il est apte à transporter. Il est constitué d’un camion porteur auquel est attelée une remorque. »

Plus simplement, c’est un camion classique auquel on adjoint une remorque, leur permettant d’atteindre un poids total allant jusqu’à 60 tonnes contre 40 tonnes actuellement.

Deux « clans » s’opposent dans ce débat, les transporteurs routiers, qui voient un moyen de diminuer le coût du transport en réduisant leur consommation et les écologistes, dont l’opposition demande plus d’explications.

Alors pourquoi dire non à ces camions écologiques ?

Tout d’abord pour une raison de sécurité, un camion plus lourd, c’est un risque de conséquences plus graves lors d’un accident. Les transporteurs répondent que les nouveaux camions freinent mieux car ils possèdent plus d’essieux. Malheureusement, les méga camions sont des camions classiques auxquels on ajoute une remorque, on pourra donc adapter d’anciens camions à ce transport, sans bénéficier des avancées apportées par un renouvellement de la flotte.

Ensuite parce que le réseau routier n’est pas adapté à ce genre de camions de 60 tonnes de marchandise. Il faudrait repenser tout le réseau, autoroutes, ponts, tunnels, etc. Il est également impensable de voir ces engins sur des routes secondaires, imaginez vous dépasser un mastodonte de 25,25 m de long contre 18,75 m actuellement, c’est comme dépassé un semi et une voiture en une fois.

Finalement parce que consommer moins risque de signifier consommer plus. Je m’explique, les réductions de consommation sont calculées en se basant sur le fait que par exemple 2 méga camions remplaceront 3 camions classiques. Et si dans la réalité, cette diminution de coût augmentait l’attrait du transport ? On se retrouverait alors avec 3 méga camions remplaçant 3 camions classiques, augmentant ainsi la consommation plutôt que de la diminuer. De plus, l’avantage des méga camions se marque fortement sur les longues distances, sur lesquelles les gouvernement aimeraient promouvoir les transports ferroviaires, beaucoup plus écologiques. Tout cela sans considérer les énormes coûts énergétiques d’une adaptation du réseau.

Le débat est déjà clos au Danemark et en Suède, qui ont tranché pour le OUI. La France, l’Allemagne et les Pays-Bas se penchent encore sur la question. En Belgique, le secrétaire d’état Etienne Schouppe s’est dit favorable aux méga camions… Affaire à suivre donc, et vous, que pensez vous des méga camions/éco combi ?

Parle de ce post à tes amis !


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