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Energethique » Blog Archive » [Trouvé sur le Web] Produire de l’hydrogène solaire à partir de la rouille

[Trouvé sur le Web] Produire de l’hydrogène solaire à partir de la rouille

Des chercheurs israéliens et suisses découvrent la meilleure structure moléculaire, écologique et peu coûteuse, pour synthétiser de l’hydrogène à partir de la lumière du soleil : la rouille.

Rouille
Crédits : Ian Britton

Dans la course à la recherche d’énergies propres, l’hydrogène est sans doute l’une des sources les plus prisées à ce jour, et l’apparition de véhicules fonctionnant avec ce gaz se fait de plus en plus visible. Récemment, la ville de Tel-Aviv s’est équipée d’un bus fonctionnant seulement à l’hydrogène, ce qui est une avancée par rapport aux moteurs hybrides déjà existants sur le marché.

Sa synthèse n’est néanmoins pas encore maitrisée et plusieurs chercheurs se penchent sur la question, privilégiant la voie dite « de séparation », qui consiste à séparer électrochimiquement les molécules d’eau en molécules d’oxygène et d’hydrogène. Les cellules photo-électrochimiques (PEC) sont utilisées pour effectuer cette séparation grâce à l’énergie solaire.

Des chercheurs israéliens et suisses du Technion et de l’Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, ont découvert la structure moléculaire qui procurerait au PEC le meilleur rendement et la synthèse la moins coûteuse, et ce, en utilisant un matériau très abondant, stable et peu onéreux : la rouille. En observant à l’aide d’un microscope à transmission électrique le chemin parcouru par les électrons sur la structure d’oxyde de fer, les chercheurs ont pu comprendre en profondeur le processus de séparation qui constitue la synthèse d’hydrogène et ainsi créer la meilleure structure moléculaire possible. Si la synthèse de cellules photovoltaïques actuelles pour produire de l’hydrogène coûte environ 15 euros le kilo, la nouvelle structure moléculaire dont la découverte vient d’être publiée dans la prestigieuse revue Nature coûte moins de 5 euros le kilo produit.

Cette découverte constitue une avancée fondamentale dans la recherche sur les énergies du futur.

Sources :
– Scott C.Warren, Kislon Voïtchovsky, Hen Dotan, Celine M. Leroy, Maurin Cornuz, Francesco Stellacci, Cécile Hébert, Avner Rothschild and Michael Grätzel, ‘Identification of champion nanostructures for solar water-splitting’, Nature materials online edition, July 7, 2013
– « First rate nano-rust for producing solar hydrogen », site du Technion, 8 juillet 2013 – http://redirectix.bulletins-electroniques.com/ZjvSX

Rédacteurs :
Yonathan Aflalo, Volontaire international chercheur au Technion – Israel Institute of Technology

Origine :
BE Israël numéro 92 (30/09/2013) – Ambassade de France en Israël / ADIT – http://www.bulletins-electroniques.com/actualites/74051.htm

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