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Energethique » Blog Archive » L’homme marque son emprunte polluante partout
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L’homme marque son emprunte polluante partout

La pollution est partout sur terre et aussi en mer mais il y a un endroit où l’on ne soupçonne pas encore notre impact : l’espace.
En effet un peu à l’image de la route des vacances où nous jetons nos mégots, cannettes et autres papier gras la route de l’espace est parsemée de débris plus ou moins grossier.
Il peuvent ainsi varier de quelques millimètres à la taille d’un bus, être issus d’un outil oublié lors d’une sortie spatiale à un « boulon » d’un satellite.
Certains proviennent des lanceurs eux mêmes, en général les derniers étages des propulseurs utilisés pour mettre les satellites en orbite ou d’un satellite devenu inopérationnel et laissé à l’abandon.
Enfin les astronautes, que l’on aurait supposé être des personnes sérieuses, oublient aussi parfois leur « pic-nic » en route.
Le danger réside un peu dans les gros débris mais surtout dans les déchets millimétriques qui se forment lorsque de ces débris entre en collision.
Mais ce qui les rend vraiment dangereux c’est leur énergie cinétique (donc induite par la vitesse) Ek=1/2mv², on calcule ainsi qu’une petite bille d’aluminium de 1.3 mm de diamètre lancée à 10 km/s (36 000 km/h) a autant d’énergie qu’une balle de 22 long rifle (a).
On peut donc aisément imaginer les dégâts que cela peut faire sur un satellite, la station spatiale voire un astronaute en vadrouille !

Aujourd’hui des scientifiques américains affirment que la concentration en déchet atteint un point critique et fait peser une menace de plus en plus grande sur les satellites et les astronautes.

Source: ESA

Lors d’une conférence en Allemagne Heiner Klinkrad, directeur du département des débris spatiaux à l’Agence spatiale européenne (ESA) précise que le nombre de débris à triplé en un quart de siècle et qu’il suffira encore d’une petite décennie pour que cet environnement devienne instable.

Pour y remédier une réserve de carburant est obligatoire sur tout les satellites pour qu’une fois en fin de vie ceux-ci puissent être déviés et se désintégrer dans la haute atmosphère (ou mieux recycler … mais faut pas rêver non plus), enfin il faudra aussi avoir recours à des éboueurs de l’espace pour enlever les plus gros déchets.

Il faudra donc œuvrer si l’on ne veut pas que …

…L’espace…

ET Vacance

… ressemble à la route de nos vacances …

route depottoir

(a) Fernand Alby, Jacques Arnould, et André Debus, La pollution spatiale sous surveillance, Ellipses, 2007 (ISBN 978-2-7298-3395-4)

Parle de ce post à tes amis !