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Energethique » Blog Archive » L’orient leader des énergies vertes… bientôt !
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L’orient leader des énergies vertes… bientôt !

Les investissements dans les énergies propres ont bondi de 30% en 2010, atteignant 243 milliards de dollars au niveau mondial. La Chine arrive en tête du peloton, selon un rapport de l’ONG américaine Pew Charitable Trusts.
« Le centre de gravité des énergies propres est en train de se déplacer de l’Occident vers l’Orient », souligne l’organisation mardi. La Chine est le pays qui a attiré le plus d’investissements en énergies propres en 2010, avec 54,4 milliards de dollars, suivie de l’Allemagne (41,2 milliards), des Etats-Unis (34), de l’Italie (13,9) et du Brésil (7,6).

En pourcentage du produit intérieur brut (PIB), l’Allemagne est le pays qui a fourni le plus gros effort en faveur des énergies propres en 2010 (1,4% du PIB). Les investissements outre-Rhin ont été soutenus par « une hausse massive des petits projets de panneaux solaires sur toitures », selon Pew.

Quant à la Chine, elle doit son statut de « superpuissance mondiale de l’énergie propre » à des objectifs agressifs et à « une claire ambition » de dominer le secteur. En 2010, Pékin a fourni presque la moitié des modules de panneaux solaires et des turbines éoliennes dans le monde. Le pays a aussi concentré 47% des investissements mondiaux dans l’énergie éolienne.

A contrario, les Etats-Unis perdent du terrain dans la compétition mondiale, en raison de l’absence de politiques énergétiques « ambitieuses et prévisibles », estime Pew.

La capacité de production des énergies propres s’élevait à 388 gigawatts (GW) en 2010, soit l’équivalent d’environ 400 réacteurs nucléaires. Les éoliennes en constituaient la plus grande part avec 193 GW, suivies de la petite hydraulique (80 GW), la biomasse (65 GW) et l’énergie solaire (43 GW). (belga)

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