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Energethique » Blog Archive » El Hierro : l’île verte
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El Hierro : l’île verte

La petite île El Hierro (10 000 habitants) située dans l’océan Atlantique et qui fait partie des îles Canaries va faire parler d’elle ; en effet cette île vient de faire le pari de se passer complètement du pétrole et de ne vivre que d’énergie hydro-éolienne.

Il faut dire que cette île balayée par les alizés 125 jours par an profite largement du bien fait d’Eole mais, malheureusement comme nous en avons déjà parlé dans d’autres articles le problème majeur de l’éolien est son instabilité.

Pour assurer la stabilité de l’approvisionnement électrique les espagnols vont associer à ces 5 éoliennes de 2,2 MW une centrale hydroélectrique de 10MW, celle-ci sera alimentée par de l’eau de mer stockée dans le cratère du volcan éteint ; l’eau sera elle même remontée par des pompes mues par l’électricité éolienne les jours de surplus de vent.

L’énergie produite devrait être largement suffisante pour les 10 000 habitants et quelque 60 000 touristes puisqu’actuellement les besoins sont d’environ 4MW.

Une petite image valant mieux qu’un long discours voilà à quoi ça devrait ressembler …

La centrale thermique serait maintenue mais uniquement pour les cas d’urgence, ce qui permettra une économie de quelque 40 000 barrils/an soit près de 2M€ ; le coût global de ce chantier estimé à 64M€ devrait dont être amorti en une petite trentaine d’années.

Comme vous l’avez vu, la centrale hydroéolienne est surdimensionnée par rapport aux besoins actuels de l’île car les autorités voudraient, à terme, transformer le parc automobile en voitures électriques et devenir totalement indépendante énergétiquement à l’horizon 2020 (le temps de renouveler le parc automobile).

De l’air et de l’eau, c’est tellement simple qu’on se demande pourquoi on n’y a pas pensé avent (oui oui pour une fois la faute est voulue …) !

Pour vous faire une meilleure idée jetez un oeil sur la vidéo ci-après … c’est en espagnol mais ça reste compréhensible je vous rassure.

En fouillant un peu pour vous présenter cet article j’ai trouvé quelques projets similaires au Danemark, Allemagne, France, Irlande et ailleurs dans le monde.

Une manière de stocker provisoirement l’électricité pour autant que l’on dispose de l’infrastructure permettant de le captage de million de m3 d’eau.

Source: Objectif Terre des Hommes

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