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Energethique » Blog Archive » L’énergie grâce au magicien d’Osmose

L’énergie grâce au magicien d’Osmose

L’osmose, vous connaissez ? L’osmose, grandeur assez méconnue du grand public (en tout cas je l’ai découverte très récemment pour ma part) est le nom donné par le chimiste anglais Thomas Graham (pour la petite histoire) à la force qui tend à équilibrer les concentrations chimiques. En effet, deux solutions d’un même soluté et de concentrations différentes mises en contact vont tendre à s’équilibrer à une même concentration.

Mais comment donc récupérer l’énergie osmotique ?

Schéma d'une usine osmotique emprunté au site Energies de la mer.

Et bien le principe est assez simple, je vais l’expliquer avec l’exemple pratique de l’eau douce/eau de mer, vous pouvez généraliser si vous le désirez.
Alors on place en réalité une membrane semi-perméable entre de l’eau douce et de l’eau de mer. Semi-perméable, cela signifie qu’elle est perméable à l’eau et imperméable au soluté (ici le sel). Et donc, l’eau douce va traverser la membrane pour diluer l’eau de mer salée. L’énergie récupérable est donc la pression osmotique entre l’eau douce et l’eau salée. L’eau salée, dont la pression a augmenté d’un terme égal à la pression osmotique donc, peut alors être utilisée dans une turbine pour produire de l’électricité. Vous aurez donc compris que ce genre de centrale doit être installée à l’embouchure d’un fleuve, c’est à dire à l’endroit où l’eau douce va rencontrer l’eau salée…

Pourquoi je vous parle de ça aujourd’hui ?

Parce que la société norvégienne Statkraft a récemment annoncé qu’elle inaugurerait ce 24 novembre la première centrale osmotique au monde, en présence de son Altesse Royale la princesse Mette-Marit de Norvège (pour ceux qui regardent Place Royale 😉 ).

Enfin ils estiment leur potentiel de production à 12TWh pour la Norvège, soit 10% de la production totale annuelle (ça reste à vérifier, c’est sûr qu’ils ont intérêt à vanter leur produit). Le potentiel mondial annuel serait quant à lui estimée à 1600-1700TWh, ce qui n’est pas négligeable !

Découvert sur Les énergies de la mer.

Parle de ce post à tes amis !


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