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Energethique » Blog Archive » La fin des cames dans les moteurs à explosion ?

La fin des cames dans les moteurs à explosion ?

On le sait, au rendement thermique du moteur à combustion interne (pouvant aller de 25 à 35%), il faut encore enlever toute une partie pour connaître le rendement rendu aux roues. Dans cette partie, on trouve l’alimentation des auxiliaires mais également les frottements.

L’idée développée par Cargine Engineering est de réduire les pertes par frottement en créant un système pneumatique destiné à remplacer le système de cames mis en place actuellement. Pour ceux qui l’ignorent, les cames (montées sur l’arbre à cames) commandent l’ouverture et la fermeture des soupapes. L’arbre à cames est directement lié à l’arbre moteur et donc les possibilités de réglages fin pour l’ouverture et la fermeture des soupapes sont réduites.

Camless Engine

Avec ce nouveau système donc, outre un contrôle accru sur l’admission et l’échappement grâce à une meilleure régulation de l’ouverture et la fermeture des soupapes, on réduit le poids et l’encombrement du système. Le système pneumatique permet de réaliser des économies à bas régime alors qu’il est plus gourmand à haut régime. Globalement, sur un cycle de conduite normal, il s’avère plus économe.

Ce système semble ne présenter que des avantages (poids, encombrement et consommation réduits) mais ils ne parlent pas de la durée de vie et la fiabilité de la technologie, ni même du prix de cette dernière.

Le moteur sans came n’est pas nouveau, la nouveauté vient ici du fait que le système de remplacement soit pneumatique alors que ceux utilisés actuellement sur les moteurs sans came sont électromagnétiques.
Quoiqu’il en soit, si le système est plus efficace, on devrait le voir bientôt se généraliser et prendre le pas sur l’électromagnétique.

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