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{"id":2789,"date":"2013-03-05T06:10:42","date_gmt":"2013-03-05T04:10:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/?p=2789"},"modified":"2013-03-04T20:15:46","modified_gmt":"2013-03-04T18:15:46","slug":"trouve-sur-le-web-gaz-de-schiste-en-amerique-du-nord-une-etude-provocatrice-prevoit-son-declin-dans-les-10-ans","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/2013\/trouve-sur-le-web-gaz-de-schiste-en-amerique-du-nord-une-etude-provocatrice-prevoit-son-declin-dans-les-10-ans\/","title":{"rendered":"[Trouv\u00e9 sur le Web] Gaz de schiste en Am\u00e9rique du Nord : une \u00e9tude provocatrice pr\u00e9voit son d\u00e9clin dans les 10 ans"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vous trouverez ci-apr\u00e8s un article int\u00e9ressant sur la probl\u00e9matique de l’exploitation des gaz de schiste.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.bulletins-electroniques.com\/actualites\/72437.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

Alors que gr\u00e2ce aux avanc\u00e9es r\u00e9centes en mati\u00e8re de production d’\u00e9nergie – en particulier pour le gaz et l’huile de schiste – les Etats-Unis annoncent en fanfare une nouvelle \u00e8re d’abondance voire d’ind\u00e9pendance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, des voix s’\u00e9l\u00e8vent pour en d\u00e9noncer les limites.<\/p>\n

Selon le g\u00e9ologiste canadien J. David Hughes, ancien directeur recherche \u00e0 la Geological Survey of Canada, les analyses publiques les plus pouss\u00e9es sur les contraintes \u00e9conomiques, environnementales et g\u00e9ologiques de l’exploitation de ces ressources en Am\u00e9riques du Nord sont plus pessimistes que l’administration am\u00e9ricaine pour deux raisons principales :
\n– Premi\u00e8rement, les puits d’exploitation d’huile et de gaz de schiste s’\u00e9puisent tr\u00e8s rapidement, les meilleurs sites ont d\u00e9j\u00e0 \u00e9t\u00e9 pomp\u00e9s et on ne s’attend pas \u00e0 en d\u00e9couvrir d’autres. Cette diminution de la productivit\u00e9 par puits n\u00e9cessite d’intensifier le forage pour seulement maintenir la production, ce qui limite le potentiel \u00e0 long-terme de ces ressources.
\n– Deuxi\u00e8mement, bien que les sables bitumineux, puits de p\u00e9trole en eau profonde, schistes bitumineux, gaz de houille et autres ressources \u00e9nerg\u00e9tiques carbon\u00e9es non conventionnelles existent en grandes quantit\u00e9s, leur exploitation n\u00e9cessite d’\u00e9normes efforts logistiques et financiers qui interdisent l’augmentation d’\u00e9chelle de la production pour r\u00e9pondre aux besoins du march\u00e9; les vastes gisements de ces ressources sont divis\u00e9s en \u00ab\u00a0poches\u00a0\u00bb de petites tailles.<\/p>\n

Apr\u00e8s son d\u00e9marrage en 2006, la production \u00e9tats-unienne de gaz de schiste a commenc\u00e9 \u00e0 s’envoler gr\u00e2ce au d\u00e9veloppement des syst\u00e8mes de fracture hydraulique et de forage horizontal – une technologie qui utilise des liquides \u00e0 tr\u00e8s haute pression pour percer la roche qui emprisonne le gaz. Le gaz de schiste repr\u00e9sente d\u00e9sormais 40% du gaz domestique aux Etats-Unis soit 9.7 milliards de m\u00e8tres cube par an. Une projection publi\u00e9e en d\u00e9cembre par l’Energy Information Administration (EIA), un organisme gouvernemental \u00e9tats-unien, sugg\u00e8re que cette part va atteindre 50% de la production du pays d’ici 2040.<\/p>\n

Le Dr. Hughes affirme que ces projections ne sont pas r\u00e9alistes car elles ne prennent pas en compte le fait que la plupart des puits perdent 15% de leur productivit\u00e9 initiale en quatre \u00e0 six ans. Pour atteindre les chiffres de l’EIA malgr\u00e9 ces pertes, il faudrait creuser plus de 70.000 puits suppl\u00e9mentaires par an d’ici 2040. Cette cadence effr\u00e9n\u00e9e deviendrait trop co\u00fbteuse et hors de port\u00e9e \u00e0 partir de 2019 puis s’ensuivrait d’une forte chute de la production.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9tude du Dr. Hughes, partiellement financ\u00e9e par le Post-Carbon Institute une association californienne ouvertement contre le gaz de schiste, est vertement critiqu\u00e9e par le lobby du gaz de schiste \u00e9tats-unien. Daniel Whitten, un porte-parole de l’America’s Natural Gas Alliance, affirme que les conclusions du Dr. Hughes s’opposent \u00e0 plusieurs \u00e9tudes gouvernementales et acad\u00e9miques, \u00ab\u00a0qui toutes pr\u00e9voient une abondante production de gaz naturel sur plusieurs g\u00e9n\u00e9rations.\u00a0\u00bb Andrew Miall, professeur de g\u00e9ologie \u00e0 l’Universit\u00e9 de Toronto qui a produit une \u00e9tude ind\u00e9pendante du rapport du Dr. Hughes, affirme que ce dernier ne repr\u00e9sente qu’une opinion minoritaire et que les r\u00e9sultats trait\u00e9s dans le rapport en question d\u00e9montrent seulement que le gaz de schiste ne s’\u00e9coule pas librement.<\/p>\n

Sources :
\n– Rapport accessible en ligne : Drill Baby Drill, Can unconventionnal fuels usher in a new era of energy abundance ? J. David Hughes, Feb. 2013 Post Carbon Institute.
http:\/\/www.postcarbon.org\/drill-baby-drill\/<\/a>
\n– Article du 19 f\u00e9vrier du Globe and Mail : Geologist’s provocative study challenges popular assumptions about ‘fracking’
http:\/\/redirectix.bulletins-electroniques.com\/E9S6S<\/a><\/p>\n

R\u00e9dacteurs :
\nF\u00e9lix Portello – attach\u00e9 scientifique \u00e0 Ottawa et coordindateur du BE Canada – felix.portello@diplomatie.gouv.fr<\/p>\n

Origine :
\nBE Canada num\u00e9ro 416 (4\/03\/2013) – Ambassade de France au Canada \/ ADIT –
http:\/\/www.bulletins-electroniques.com\/actualites\/72437.htm<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vous trouverez ci-apr\u00e8s un article int\u00e9ressant sur la probl\u00e9matique de l’exploitation des gaz de schiste.<\/p>\n

http:\/\/www.bulletins-electroniques.com\/actualites\/72437.htm<\/a><\/p>\n

Alors que gr\u00e2ce aux avanc\u00e9es r\u00e9centes en mati\u00e8re de production d’\u00e9nergie – en particulier pour le gaz et l’huile de schiste – les Etats-Unis annoncent en fanfare une nouvelle \u00e8re d’abondance voire d’ind\u00e9pendance \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique, des voix s’\u00e9l\u00e8vent pour en d\u00e9noncer les limites.<\/p>\n

Selon le g\u00e9ologiste canadien J. David Hughes, ancien directeur recherche \u00e0 la Geological Survey of Canada, les analyses publiques les plus pouss\u00e9es sur […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pBGwz-IZ","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2789"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2789"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2789\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2789"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2789"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2789"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}