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{"id":225,"date":"2009-07-17T16:57:01","date_gmt":"2009-07-17T14:57:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/?p=225"},"modified":"2012-12-17T12:16:15","modified_gmt":"2012-12-17T10:16:15","slug":"la-difference-entre-lenergie-et-la-puissance","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/2009\/la-difference-entre-lenergie-et-la-puissance\/","title":{"rendered":"La diff\u00e9rence entre l’\u00e9nergie et la puissance"},"content":{"rendered":"

Je veux aujourd’hui vous parler de deux notions capitales lorsqu’on parle de production et de consommation qui sont parfois un peu embrouill\u00e9es dans l’esprit du public : l’\u00e9nergie et la puissance.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9sol\u00e9 pour ceux qui ma\u00eetrisent parfaitement ces deux termes mais je pense qu’il est utile pour la compr\u00e9hension de certains articles d’avoir une bonne id\u00e9e de ces 2 notions. La confusion dans l’esprit des gens vient parfois d’une mauvaise utilisation ou d’une mauvaise explication des m\u00e9dias, c’est pourquoi je vais tenter d’\u00eatre le plus clair et le plus pr\u00e9cis possible, n’h\u00e9sitez pas \u00e0 me signaler dans les commentaires si je commets un impair.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Qu’est-ce que l’\u00e9nergie ? C’est la capacit\u00e9 d’un syst\u00e8me \u00e0 fournir un travail. Elle est exprim\u00e9e en joule dans le Syst\u00e8me International d’unit\u00e9s (SI). Un joule est d\u00e9fini comme le travail d’une force de 1 N pour d\u00e9placer le point d’application de cette force d’une distance d’1 m\u00e8tre, un joule vaut donc 1 N * m. L’ancienne unit\u00e9, la calorie, \u00e9tait d\u00e9finie comme la quantit\u00e9 de chaleur (ou l’\u00e9nergie calorifique) n\u00e9cessaire pour \u00e9lever la temp\u00e9rature d’un gramme d’eau de 14,5 \u00b0C \u00e0 15,5 \u00b0C sous la pression atmosph\u00e9rique normale (1 atm). Une calorie \u00e9quivaut \u00e0 4,1855 Joule (Cfr Wikipedia). On consid\u00e8re que l’\u00e9nergie ne peut \u00eatre ni cr\u00e9\u00e9e, ni d\u00e9truite, elle peut juste \u00eatre transf\u00e9r\u00e9e ou convertie en une autre \u00e9nergie.<\/p>\n

La puissance exprime le transfert d’\u00e9nergie par unit\u00e9 de temps. Son unit\u00e9 est le Watt, un Watt est \u00e9gal au transfert d’un Joule par seconde (1 W = 1 J\/s). <\/p>\n

Lorsqu’on parle d’\u00e9nergie en termes de production d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9, on a plut\u00f4t tendance \u00e0 parle en kWh plut\u00f4t qu’en Joule. C’est juste une simplification par rapport \u00e0 la puissance des machines. En fait, 1 kWh, c’est l’\u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique produite ou consomm\u00e9e par une machine d’une puissance de 1000 W (1 kW) pendant une heure. Soit 1000 W . 3600 s = 1000 J\/s . 3600 s = 3,6*1000000 J = 3,6 MJ.<\/p>\n

Cela permet de rapidement calculer la production\/consommation d’une machine \u00e9lectrique. Prenons une ampoule de 70 W, allum\u00e9e pendant 3h, elle consommera donc 210 Wh.<\/p>\n

L’\u00e9nergie est tr\u00e8s utile pour comparer les moyens de production d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9. Une \u00e9olienne par exemple, demande en moyenne une puissance install\u00e9e triple pour une m\u00eame \u00e9nergie \u00e9lectrique produite sur une ann\u00e9e car elle ne fonctionne pas souvent \u00e0 puissance nominale.<\/p>\n

En r\u00e9sum\u00e9, l’\u00e9nergie est le travail qu’une source est susceptible d’effectuer alors que la puissance est le taux de transfert de cette \u00e9nergie. On peut symboliser \u00e7a comme un r\u00e9servoir dont l’\u00e9nergie quantifierait le contenu et la puissance serait le d\u00e9bit maximal de remplissage\/vidange du r\u00e9servoir.<\/p>\n

Alors, est-ce que \u00e7a vous \u00e9claire un peu ?<\/p>\n

Une analogie concr\u00e8te, faite par notre lecteur JDD<\/b> : <\/p>\n

Pour visualiser la diff\u00e9rence entre puissance instantan\u00e9e et \u00e9nergie consomm\u00e9e:
\nC\u2019est comme avec l\u2019eau du robinet, il y a un d\u00e9bit en m3\/H et la quantit\u00e9 d\u2019eau consomm\u00e9e est li\u00e9e au nombre d\u2019heures o\u00f9 le robinet restera ouvert.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Je veux aujourd’hui vous parler de deux notions capitales lorsqu’on parle de production et de consommation qui sont parfois un peu embrouill\u00e9es dans l’esprit du public : l’\u00e9nergie et la puissance.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9sol\u00e9 pour ceux qui ma\u00eetrisent parfaitement ces deux termes mais je pense qu’il est utile pour la compr\u00e9hension de certains articles d’avoir une bonne id\u00e9e de ces 2 notions. La confusion dans l’esprit des gens vient parfois d’une mauvaise utilisation ou d’une mauvaise explication des m\u00e9dias, c’est pourquoi je vais […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[7],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pBGwz-3D","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/225"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=225"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/225\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=225"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}