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{"id":2204,"date":"2011-12-07T21:08:28","date_gmt":"2011-12-07T19:08:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/?p=2204"},"modified":"2011-12-07T21:08:28","modified_gmt":"2011-12-07T19:08:28","slug":"demain-il-ny-aura-plus-de-petrole-ou-alors-est-ce-apres-demain","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/2011\/demain-il-ny-aura-plus-de-petrole-ou-alors-est-ce-apres-demain\/","title":{"rendered":"Demain il n’y aura plus de p\u00e9trole … ou alors est-ce apr\u00e8s demain ???"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00ab\u00a0Un jour, il n’y aura plus de p\u00e9trole\u00a0\u00bb. Oui, mais pas tout de suite: les r\u00e9serves mondiales d’or noir ont gonfl\u00e9 ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es et la tendance devrait se poursuivre, selon les industriels, m\u00eame si la production, elle, risque d’avoir du mal \u00e0 suivre.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Dire \u00e0 quelqu’un qu’il va mourir n’est pas une pr\u00e9diction, c’est une tautologie. Ce qu’il veut savoir, c’est quand, et comment\u00a0\u00bb, r\u00e9sume Nasser Al Jaidah, le PDG de la compagnie Qatar Petroleum International, lors du Congr\u00e8s p\u00e9trolier mondial de Doha qui s’est pench\u00e9 sur la question.<\/p>\n

A court de p\u00e9trole en 2053?<\/strong>
\nSur un coin de table, le calcul est tr\u00e8s simple: les r\u00e9serves mondiales de p\u00e9trole -prouv\u00e9es- \u00e9taient de 1.383 milliards de barils fin 2010, selon la BP Statistical Review. L’an dernier, il s’en est br\u00fbl\u00e9 31,9 milliards. Une division, et le verdict tombe: en 2053, le monde sera \u00e0 court de p\u00e9trole.<\/p>\n

De nouveaux gisements<\/strong>
\nTrop simple, \u00e9videmment. D’autant qu’en 2000, le m\u00eame calcul donnait pour r\u00e9sultat… 2040. Autrement dit, en dix ans, le monde s’est offert 13 ann\u00e9es de plus \u00e0 pomper sa dose d’huile pr\u00e9f\u00e9r\u00e9e. Si des gisements anciens s’\u00e9puisent, le monde p\u00e9trolier a d\u00e9sormais les yeux braqu\u00e9s sur l’Arctique, les eaux profondes du Br\u00e9sil, du Golfe du Mexique, du Golfe de Guin\u00e9e mais aussi sur l’Afrique de l’Est ou sur les sables bitumineux du Canada. Charge \u00e0 lui de convaincre que ces \u00ab\u00a0nouveaux horizons\u00a0\u00bb sont aussi ceux de l’humanit\u00e9…<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Il faut bien se rappeler que de grandes parties du globe n’ont jamais \u00e9t\u00e9 explor\u00e9es, m\u00eame dans de grands pays p\u00e9troliers comme l’Iran ou l’Arabie saoudite\u00a0\u00bb, souligne No\u00e9 Van Hulst, le secr\u00e9taire g\u00e9n\u00e9ral du Forum \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique international (IEF). En outre, on ne sait pour l’heure extraire que 35% du p\u00e9trole d’un gisement, ce qui pourrait changer en cas de perc\u00e9e technologique. \u00ab\u00a0Et chaque pourcent de plus, c’est deux ann\u00e9es de consommation suppl\u00e9mentaires\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

Avant de se risquer \u00e0 calculer une date de \u00ab\u00a0d\u00e9pl\u00e9tion\u00a0\u00bb – l’\u00e9puisement des r\u00e9serves en anglicisme p\u00e9trolier- les experts de l’or noir, des industriels aux environnementalistes, se penchent sur celle du \u00ab\u00a0peak oil\u00a0\u00bb, le pic p\u00e9trolier o\u00f9 la production atteindra son niveau maximal.<\/p>\n

A Doha, le PDG de Total, Christophe de Margerie, a expliqu\u00e9 que le groupe pr\u00e9voyait que la production de p\u00e9trole brut plafonne \u00e0 95 millions de barils par jour (contre 82 millions l’an dernier) au cours de la d\u00e9cennie 2020-2030. La suite, \u00ab\u00a0c’est un point d’interrogation\u00a0\u00bb, conc\u00e8de-t-il, tout en se disant optimiste. \u00ab\u00a0Il y a beaucoup de ressources, le probl\u00e8me c’est d’extraire les ressources\u00a0\u00bb, a r\u00e9sum\u00e9 le patron fran\u00e7ais.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0La fin du p\u00e9trole bon march\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb<\/strong>
\nA chercher toujours plus profond, dans des zones toujours plus inhospitali\u00e8res, avec des technologies toujours plus complexes, les co\u00fbts explosent. \u00ab\u00a0C’est la fin du p\u00e9trole bon march\u00e9\u00a0\u00bb, reconna\u00eet M. de Margerie.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Est-ce qu’\u00e0 la place du peak oil, il ne faut pas parler plut\u00f4t de peak money (\u00ab\u00a0pic d’argent\u00a0\u00bb)\u00a0\u00bb, s’interroge \u00e0 Paris Claude Landil, ancien directeur de l’Agence internationale de l’\u00e9nergie (AIE). \u00ab\u00a0On a du p\u00e9trole, on a du gaz, mais on n’a plus l’argent pour aller le chercher\u00a0\u00bb.<\/p>\n

L’AIE, le bras \u00e9nerg\u00e9tique des pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s, estime en effet \u00e0 la somme inconcevable de 38.000 milliards de dollars (27.700 milliards d’euros) d’ici 2035 les investissements n\u00e9cessaires dans le domaine de l’\u00e9nergie – soit chaque ann\u00e9e 1.500 milliards ou encore 2,5% de la richesse mondiale.<\/p>\n

Car l’offre n’est pas le seul probl\u00e8me. Tir\u00e9e par les g\u00e9ants en d\u00e9veloppement -Chine, Inde, Br\u00e9sil…-, la demande devrait d\u00e9passer 99 millions de barils par jour en 2035, selon l’AIE. Biocarburants ou gaz transform\u00e9s en carburants devraient aider \u00e0 suivre, mais la pression sur le brut sera forte. Les grands sc\u00e9narios internationaux pr\u00e9voient tous que le p\u00e9trole et le gaz restent les sources de la majorit\u00e9 de l’\u00e9nergie mondiale dans les 20 \u00e0 30 ans \u00e0 venir, proches de leurs 54% actuels. (belga)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00ab\u00a0Un jour, il n’y aura plus de p\u00e9trole\u00a0\u00bb. Oui, mais pas tout de suite: les r\u00e9serves mondiales d’or noir ont gonfl\u00e9 ces derni\u00e8res ann\u00e9es et la tendance devrait se poursuivre, selon les industriels, m\u00eame si la production, elle, risque d’avoir du mal \u00e0 suivre.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Dire \u00e0 quelqu’un qu’il va mourir n’est pas une pr\u00e9diction, c’est une tautologie. Ce qu’il veut savoir, c’est quand, et comment\u00a0\u00bb, r\u00e9sume Nasser Al Jaidah, le PDG de la compagnie Qatar Petroleum International, lors du Congr\u00e8s p\u00e9trolier […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[4],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pBGwz-zy","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2204"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2204"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2204\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2204"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2204"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2204"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}