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{"id":2139,"date":"2011-10-17T05:31:44","date_gmt":"2011-10-17T03:31:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/?p=2139"},"modified":"2011-10-12T13:53:47","modified_gmt":"2011-10-12T11:53:47","slug":"lenergie-de-demain-inventee-il-y-a-des-millions-dannees","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/2011\/lenergie-de-demain-inventee-il-y-a-des-millions-dannees\/","title":{"rendered":"L’\u00e9nergie de demain \u00ab\u00a0invent\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb il y a des millions d’ann\u00e9es ??"},"content":{"rendered":"

Des chercheurs am\u00e9ricains ont cr\u00e9\u00e9 une feuille artificielle capable de transformer la lumi\u00e8re du soleil directement en \u00e9nergie pouvant \u00eatre stock\u00e9e pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9e ult\u00e9rieurement, selon leurs travaux publi\u00e9s vendredi (ndr 30\/09\/2011) dans la revue am\u00e9ricaine Science.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Cette feuille – une cellule solaire en silice avec diff\u00e9rent mat\u00e9riaux catalytiques attach\u00e9s sur les deux c\u00f4t\u00e9s – ne n\u00e9cessite aucun branchement externe ni de circuit de contr\u00f4le pour la faire fonctionner, expliquent-ils. Il suffit de placer cette feuille dans un r\u00e9cipient rempli d’eau et expos\u00e9 \u00e0 la lumi\u00e8re du soleil, pr\u00e9cise Daniel Nocera, professeur au Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), le principal auteur de cette communication dat\u00e9e du 30 septembre.<\/p>\n

La feuille commence alors rapidement \u00e0 produire des flots de bulles d’oxyg\u00e8ne sur un c\u00f4t\u00e9 et d’hydrog\u00e8ne sur l’autre. Si cette feuille est mise dans un conteneur avec une paroi s\u00e9parant ses deux faces, les bulles produites peuvent alors \u00eatre r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9es et stock\u00e9es pour \u00eatre utilis\u00e9es ensuite afin de produire de l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9.<\/p>\n

Ainsi, en pla\u00e7ant les bulles d’oxyg\u00e8ne et d’hydrog\u00e8ne dans une pile \u00e0 combustible elles se combinent de nouveau en eau tout en produisant de l’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 dans ce processus, explique le professeur Nocera. Cette feuille est enti\u00e8rement compos\u00e9e de mat\u00e9riaux abondants et bon march\u00e9 comme surtout la silice, le cobalt et le nickel et fonctionne dans de l’eau ordinaire, pr\u00e9cise-t-il.<\/p>\n

Les autres syst\u00e8mes pouvant utiliser la lumi\u00e8re du soleil pour s\u00e9parer l’oxyg\u00e8ne de l’hydrog\u00e8ne formant l’eau utilisaient des solutions corrosives ou des mat\u00e9riaux assez rares et chers, tel le platine. Cette derni\u00e8re feuille artificielle consiste en une couche fine de semi-conducteurs en silice, le mat\u00e9riau utilis\u00e9 dans la fabrication de la plupart des cellules solaires.<\/p>\n

Ces semi-conducteurs transforment l’\u00e9nergie solaire en un flot continu d’\u00e9lectricit\u00e9 sans fil \u00e0 l’int\u00e9rieur de la feuille. Une couche de cobalt comme catalyseur qui lib\u00e8re l’oxyg\u00e8ne un carburant potentiel. L’autre face de la feuille de silice est recouverte d’une couche d’un alliage de nickel, de molybd\u00e8ne et de zinc qui permet de lib\u00e9rer l’hydrog\u00e8ne des mol\u00e9cules d’eau. \u00ab\u00a0Je pense qu’il va y avoir un vrai potentiel pour cette id\u00e9e\u00a0\u00bb, juge, confiant le professeur Nocera.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0On ne peut pas \u00eatre plus portable que cela\u00a0\u00bb, poursuit-il soulignant que ce syst\u00e8me n’a pas besoin de fil, est tr\u00e8s l\u00e9ger et ne requiert pas beaucoup d’\u00e9quipement suppl\u00e9mentaire autre qu’un syst\u00e8me pour capturer et conserver les bulles d’oxyg\u00e8ne et d’hydrog\u00e8ne\u00a0\u00bb, explique ce chercheur. \u00ab\u00a0Il s’agit seulement de jeter la feuille artificielle dans un verre d’eau et l’oxyg\u00e8ne et l’hydrog\u00e8ne commencent \u00e0 \u00e9merger\u00a0\u00bb, insiste-t-il.<\/p>\n

Toutefois ce nouveau syst\u00e8me n’est pas encore pr\u00eat pour la production commerciale, puisque le syst\u00e8me de collecte et de stockage notamment reste \u00e0 d\u00e9velopper, rel\u00e8ve le professeur Nocera. La cr\u00e9ation de cette feuille artificielle \u00ab\u00a0est un pas\u00a0\u00bb mais qui \u00ab\u00a0va dans dans la bonne direction\u00a0\u00bb, conclut-il. (afp\/mlb)<\/p>\n