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{"id":1882,"date":"2011-04-04T06:12:18","date_gmt":"2011-04-04T04:12:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/?p=1882"},"modified":"2011-03-30T19:25:56","modified_gmt":"2011-03-30T17:25:56","slug":"y-a-bon-co2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/2011\/y-a-bon-co2\/","title":{"rendered":"Y a bon CO2 !!!"},"content":{"rendered":"

Dans une for\u00eat de tubes de huit m\u00e8tres de haut, pr\u00e8s d’Alicante en Espagne, mac\u00e8re peut-\u00eatre le carburant de demain: du biop\u00e9trole produit avec des micro-algues qui s’alimentent du gaz carbonique rejet\u00e9 par une usine voisine.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e8s de 400 tubes vert fonc\u00e9, o\u00f9 grouillent des millions de micro-algues, se dressent sur une plaine de cette r\u00e9gion du sud-est de l’Espagne, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 d’une cimenterie, dont le CO2 est captur\u00e9 et transport\u00e9 via un pipeline jusqu’\u00e0 la petite usine de p\u00e9trole \u00ab\u00a0bleu\u00a0\u00bb. Le concept, encore exp\u00e9rimental, est d\u00e9velopp\u00e9 depuis cinq ans par des chercheurs espagnols et fran\u00e7ais de la petite soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Bio Fuel Systems (BFS).<\/p>\n

Phytoplancton<\/strong>
\nA l’heure o\u00f9 les industriels redoublent d’imagination pour trouver des alternatives au p\u00e9trole, l’id\u00e9e est de reproduire et d’acc\u00e9l\u00e9rer un processus qui s’est \u00e9tal\u00e9 sur des millions d’ann\u00e9es et a permis la production du p\u00e9trole fossile.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Nous essayons de simuler les conditions qui existaient il y a des millions d’ann\u00e9es, quand le phytoplancton s’est transform\u00e9 en p\u00e9trole. De cette fa\u00e7on, nous obtenons un p\u00e9trole \u00e9quivalent au p\u00e9trole actuel\u00a0\u00bb, explique l’ing\u00e9nieur Eloy Chapuli.<\/p>\n

Les micro-algues, issues d’une dizaine de souches tenues secr\u00e8tes, ont \u00e9t\u00e9 p\u00each\u00e9es en M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e et dans l’oc\u00e9an Atlantique. Dans les tubes, elles se reproduisent \u00e0 grande vitesse, se d\u00e9doublant quotidiennement par photosynth\u00e8se et gr\u00e2ce au CO2 \u00e9mis par la cimenterie. Tous les jours, une partie de ce liquide tr\u00e8s concentr\u00e9 est extrait et filtr\u00e9, permettant l’obtention d’une biomasse, qui produira le biop\u00e9trole. L’eau restante est r\u00e9introduite dans les tubes.<\/p>\n

D\u00e9pollution<\/strong>
\nPour ses concepteurs, l’autre grand avantage du syst\u00e8me est qu’il est d\u00e9pollueur: il absorbe du CO2 qui serait autrement d\u00e9vers\u00e9 en exc\u00e9dent dans l’atmosph\u00e8re. \u00ab\u00a0C’est un p\u00e9trole \u00e9cologique\u00a0\u00bb, assure le pr\u00e9sident et fondateur de BFS, l’ing\u00e9nieur fran\u00e7ais Bernard Stro\u00efazzo-Mougin, qui a travaill\u00e9 dans des champs p\u00e9troliers au Moyen-Orient avant de s’installer en Espagne.<\/p>\n

L’usine d’Alicante fait encore figure de laboratoire. \u00ab\u00a0Il nous faudra entre cinq et dix ans de plus pour passer \u00e0 une production industrielle\u00a0\u00bb, assure M. Stro\u00efazzo-Mougin, qui esp\u00e8re pouvoir d\u00e9velopper \u00e0 court terme un premier projet \u00e0 grande \u00e9chelle, dans le sud de l’Espagne, puis un autre sur l’\u00eele portugaise de Mad\u00e8re.<\/p>\n

\u00ab\u00a0Une unit\u00e9 qui ferait 50 km sur 50 km, ce qui n’est pas quelque chose d’\u00e9norme, dans des zones d\u00e9sertiques du sud de l’Espagne, on pourrait produire environ 1 million 250.000 barils par jour\u00a0\u00bb, soit presque autant que les exportations quotidiennes de p\u00e9trole irakien, souligne l’ing\u00e9nieur.<\/p>\n

Recherche de subventions<\/strong>
\nBFS, une soci\u00e9t\u00e9 \u00e0 capitaux priv\u00e9s, cherche aujourd’hui \u00e0 n\u00e9gocier avec \u00ab\u00a0plusieurs pays pour qu’ils subventionnent l’installation de champs p\u00e9troliers artificiels\u00a0\u00bb, explique son pr\u00e9sident. La soci\u00e9t\u00e9 assure qu’elle pourra vendre ses barils \u00e0 un prix comp\u00e9titif, en s’appuyant sur la vente de produits d\u00e9riv\u00e9s, comme des acides gras de type Omega 3 obtenus \u00e0 partir de la biomasse.<\/p>\n

D’autres projets similaires sont \u00e0 l’\u00e9tude dans d’autres r\u00e9gions du monde. En Allemagne, le groupe d’\u00e9nergie public su\u00e9dois Vattenfall a lanc\u00e9 en 2010 un projet d’absorption par des algues du dioxyde de carbone \u00e9mis par les centrales au charbon.<\/p>\n

Le g\u00e9ant am\u00e9ricain du p\u00e9trole ExxonMobil a pr\u00e9vu un investissement allant jusqu’\u00e0 600 millions de dollars dans les recherches sur le p\u00e9trole produit avec des algues. Les industriels, en particulier dans le secteur a\u00e9ronautique, s’int\u00e9ressent de pr\u00e8s \u00e0 ces recherches, esp\u00e9rant y trouver des solutions de remplacement au p\u00e9trole classique, aux prix fluctuants et qui se rar\u00e9fie. (afp)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Dans une for\u00eat de tubes de huit m\u00e8tres de haut, pr\u00e8s d’Alicante en Espagne, mac\u00e8re peut-\u00eatre le carburant de demain: du biop\u00e9trole produit avec des micro-algues qui s’alimentent du gaz carbonique rejet\u00e9 par une usine voisine.<\/p>\n<\/p>\n

Pr\u00e8s de 400 tubes vert fonc\u00e9, o\u00f9 grouillent des millions de micro-algues, se dressent sur une plaine de cette r\u00e9gion du sud-est de l’Espagne, \u00e0 c\u00f4t\u00e9 d’une cimenterie, dont le CO2 est captur\u00e9 et transport\u00e9 via un pipeline jusqu’\u00e0 la petite usine de p\u00e9trole \u00ab\u00a0bleu\u00a0\u00bb. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pBGwz-um","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1882"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1882"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1882\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}