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{"id":1684,"date":"2010-12-12T12:29:09","date_gmt":"2010-12-12T10:29:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/?p=1684"},"modified":"2010-12-12T12:29:09","modified_gmt":"2010-12-12T10:29:09","slug":"cancun1-copenhague0","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/2010\/cancun1-copenhague0\/","title":{"rendered":"Cancun:1 – Copenhague:0"},"content":{"rendered":"

Apr\u00e8s l’\u00e9chec cuisant de la conf\u00e9rence de Copenhague on attendait au tournant les d\u00e9cideurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence de Cancun.
\nJ’avoue avoir peu suivi les d\u00e9bats \u00e9tant persuad\u00e9 en mon fort int\u00e9rieur que l’\u00e9chec serait \u00e0 nouveau au rendez-vous … et j’ai eu tort !
\nBon ne pavoisons pas trop non plus, les accords pass\u00e9s \u00e0 Cancun ne sont malheureusement pas contraignant contrairement \u00e0 l’accord de Kyoto.<\/p>\n

Voici les points cl\u00e9s de l’accord (source: Belga)<\/p>\n

OBJECTIFS POUR ENRAYER LE CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE<\/strong>:
\n-Le texte reconna\u00eet qu’il faut \u00ab\u00a0des r\u00e9ductions importantes<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb des \u00e9missions de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre (GES) pour limiter la hausse de la temp\u00e9rature globale \u00e0 2\u00b0 par rapport aux niveaux pr\u00e9-industriels.
\n-pour atteindre les objectifs pr\u00e9conis\u00e9s par la science, les pays industrialis\u00e9s doivent r\u00e9duire leurs \u00e9missions de 25 \u00e0 40% d’ici \u00e0 2020, par rapport \u00e0 1990. Ce point est inscrit dans le texte consacr\u00e9 au protocole de Kyoto, et donc n’implique par le deuxi\u00e8me plus grand pollueur, les Etats-Unis, qui ne l’ont pas ratifi\u00e9.
\n-Il est n\u00e9cessaire d'\u00a0\u00bbintensifier les efforts de r\u00e9duction des \u00e9missions de GES pour arriver \u00e0 l’objectif affich\u00e9<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0.<\/p>\n

REVISION DES OBJECTIFS A LONG TERME<\/strong>:
\n-Le texte pr\u00e9voit de revoir \u00ab\u00a0p\u00e9riodiquement<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb les objectifs \u00e0 long terme (limite de 2\u00b0C) en fonction de l’observation des impacts du changement climatique et des connaissances scientifiques, notamment des rapports du Groupe intergouvernemental d’experts de l’ONU sur l’\u00e9volution du climat (Giec),
\n-et la possibilit\u00e9 de renforcer cet objectif \u00e0 1,5\u00b0C
\nLa premi\u00e8re r\u00e9vision d\u00e9marrera en 2013 et devra \u00eatre achev\u00e9e en 2015<\/p>\n

AVENIR DU PROTOCOLE DE KYOTO<\/strong>:
\n-les travaux doivent se poursuivre pour \u00ab\u00a0s’assurer qu’il n’y aura pas de d\u00e9lai entre la premi\u00e8re p\u00e9riode d’engagement<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb qui s’ach\u00e8ve fin 2012, et la deuxi\u00e8me.
\nLe texte, qui ne dit n\u00e9anmoins pas clairement qu’il y aura une prolongation apr\u00e8s 2012, ne demande pas aux pays industrialis\u00e9s d’inscrire leurs objectifs chiffr\u00e9s de r\u00e9duction d’\u00e9missions pour une seconde p\u00e9riode.<\/p>\n

CONTROLE DES ACTIONS PRISES PAR LES PAYS EN DEVELOPPEMENT POUR REDUIRE LEURS EMISSIONS DE GES<\/strong>:
\n-Ces pays, et notamment les grands \u00e9mergents comme la Chine et l’Inde, \u00ab\u00a0en fonction de leurs capacit\u00e9s<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb notamment, soumettront des rapports tous les deux ans avec leurs inventaires de gaz \u00e0 effet de serre, et des informations sur les actions entreprises pour les r\u00e9duire.
\n-Ces rapports seront soumis \u00e0 des consultations et analyse internationales (ICA), \u00ab\u00a0non intrusives<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, \u00ab\u00a0non punitives<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, et \u00ab\u00a0dans le respect de la souverainet\u00e9 nationale<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0.<\/p>\n

AIDE AUX PAYS EN DEVELOPPEMENT<\/strong>:
\n-Cr\u00e9ation d’un Fonds vert climat pour \u00ab\u00a0soutenir des projets, programmes, politiques des pays en d\u00e9veloppement<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0.
\nLes pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s ont promis \u00e0 Copenhague de mobiliser 100 milliards de dollars par an \u00e0 partir de 2020, mais l’origine de ces fonds n’a pas encore \u00e9t\u00e9 identifi\u00e9e.
\n-La Banque mondiale servira d’administrateur int\u00e9rimaire pour le Fonds durant trois ans.
\n-Le Conseil d’administration comptera 24 membres, avec repr\u00e9sentation \u00e9quitable des pays d\u00e9velopp\u00e9s et en d\u00e9veloppement dont les petits Etats insulaires particuli\u00e8rement expos\u00e9s au changement climatique.
\n-Cr\u00e9ation d’un Centre de technologie pour le climat (ensemble d’experts charg\u00e9s de faire des propositions) et d’un r\u00e9seau (qui sera au plus pr\u00e8s des projets sur le terrain) pour d\u00e9velopper le savoir-faire sur les nouvelles technologies vertes dans les pays du Sud afin de r\u00e9duire les \u00e9missions de GES et s’adapter aux impacts in\u00e9vitables du changement climatique.<\/p>\n

REDUIRE LA DEFORESTATION<\/strong>:
\n-Le texte pose l’objectif de \u00ab\u00a0ralentir, arr\u00eater et inverser la perte du couvert forestier<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0, \u00e0 l’origine d’environ de 15% \u00e0 20% des \u00e9missions globales de GES.
\n-Il pr\u00e9voit \u00ab\u00a0la participation<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb des parties impliqu\u00e9es dans la gestion de la for\u00eat, dont les populations autochtones, mais les m\u00e9canismes de contr\u00f4le sont plut\u00f4t faibles.
\n-La possibilit\u00e9 d’utiliser le march\u00e9 du carbone pour financer ce co\u00fbteux m\u00e9canisme n’appara\u00eet pas dans le texte. (belga)
\nIl faut quand m\u00eame avouer que la sir\u00e8ne de Cancun<\/p>\n

\"Sir\u00e8ne<\/p>\n

avait de quoi s\u00e9duire plus que celle de Copenhague …<\/p>\n

\"Sir\u00e8ne<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Apr\u00e8s l’\u00e9chec cuisant de la conf\u00e9rence de Copenhague on attendait au tournant les d\u00e9cideurs lors de la conf\u00e9rence de Cancun.
\nJ’avoue avoir peu suivi les d\u00e9bats \u00e9tant persuad\u00e9 en mon fort int\u00e9rieur que l’\u00e9chec serait \u00e0 nouveau au rendez-vous … et j’ai eu tort !
\nBon ne pavoisons pas trop non plus, les accords pass\u00e9s \u00e0 Cancun ne sont malheureusement pas contraignant contrairement \u00e0 l’accord de Kyoto.<\/p>\n

Voici les points cl\u00e9s de l’accord (source: Belga)<\/p>\n

OBJECTIFS POUR ENRAYER LE CHANGEMENT CLIMATIQUE<\/strong>:
\n-Le texte reconna\u00eet qu’il […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_is_tweetstorm":false,"jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pBGwz-ra","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1684"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1684"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1684\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/energethique.be\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}