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Energethique » Blog Archive » Pétrole vert

Pétrole vert

L’idée de produire du pétrole, ou plutôt du carburant, à partir de matières organiques n’est pas nouvelle et il existe de très nombreuses méthodes plus ou moins efficaces et donc rentables (en terme énergéthique).

Rappelons d’ailleurs en passant que le pétrole n’est lui même jamais que de la biomasse puisque issu de matières organiques sédimentées et fermentées.

Une nouvelle filière à partir du traitement d’algues vertes vise à obtenir un « pétrole » au pouvoir calorifique de près de 45 800 J/g soit autant que l’essence et le diesel.

Précédemment les algues, difficiles à traiter car gonflées d’eau, étaient séchées au soleil ou dans un four pour être ensuite réduite en poudre.

Cette poudre est ensuite traitée pour « casser » les parois cellulaires et extraire ainsi les huiles à partir desquelles on produit un carburant appelé « Pétrole brut vert ».

L’équipe du Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), en collaboration avec l’Organisation pour le Développement des Energies Nouvelles et des Technologies Industrielles (NEDO), a élaboré un nouveau procédé, à partir d’un solvant organique le diméthyle éther (DME), permettant d’extraire ces huiles moyennant une économie substantielle d’énergie par rapport au procédé traditionnel.

Dans les essais menés ils ont utlisés 6,65g d’algues préalablement centrifugées afin de réduire la teneur en eau de 9%.

Les chercheurs ont ensuite fait passer sur ce résidu un flux de 10cm3/minute de DME pendant 11 minutes à 20°C et 5 bar de pression ; après traitement ils ont recueilli 0,24g de pétrole brut soit pas loin de 40% de la masse en matière sèche.

D’après le CRIEPI le procédé devrait être accessible industriellement d’ici deux ans.

Source Techno-Science

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