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Energethique » Blog Archive » L’effet rebond ou la douce illusion d’une diminution de notre consommation par la technologie

L’effet rebond ou la douce illusion d’une diminution de notre consommation par la technologie

On parle souvent d’une réduction de notre consommation grâce aux nouvelles technologie permettant d’augmenter l’efficacité de nos véhicules par exemple, et donc de diminuer leur consommation… Mais dans les faits, on remarque que la consommation ne diminue par, par exemple, aux états-unis, en 2012, une famille américaine moyenne dépensait 3000 $ en essence alors que les véhicules ont fortement réduit leurs consommations, surtout aux USAs où le downsizing est à la mode.

Alors d’où ça vient me direz-vous ? Et bien il y a tout d’abord le prix de l’essence qui ne cesse de monter, mais l’augmentation de prix ne compense pas à elle seule l’augmentation de rendement.

Ce qui explique que notre consommation ne diminue pas, c’est l’effet rebond. L’effet rebond, voici ce qu’en dit Wikipedia :

Imaginons une situation où la consommation ne peut augmenter par manque d’argent. Le marché est « plafonné » par le pouvoir d’achat des consommateurs. Arrive une amélioration de l’efficacité des systèmes de production réduisant les coûts par unité. Cette innovation va dégager des économies permettant de consommer plus de produits ou services jusqu’à atteindre à nouveau les limites financières.

En gros, cela veut dire que la réduction de consommation engendrée par la technologie va nous permettre de consommer plus. On aura toujours un budget constant pour la voiture (en faisant abstraction de l’inflation) mais ce budget nous permettra de faire plus de kilomètres ! Cet effet est bénéfique pour l’économie car il fait croître la consommation, par contre, il est clairement néfaste dans une optique de réduction de notre consommation !

Vous l’aurez compris, il s’agit là d’un cercle vicieux qui fait que même s’il y a des espoirs technologiques sur les instruments de consommation quotidien, c’est notre mentalité qu’il faut changer et pas la technologie (même si celle ci peut clairement aider).

Parle de ce post à tes amis !


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