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Energethique » Blog Archive » Manger ou conduire il faudra choisir …
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Manger ou conduire il faudra choisir …

Les ambitieux objectifs de l’Union européenne en matière de biocarburants vont représenter un surcoût de 10 à 18 milliards d’euros par an pour les automobilistes d’ici 2020, selon une étude publiée jeudi par les ONG Action Aid et Les Amis de la terre.

L’UE s’est fixée comme objectif de parvenir à 10% d’énergies renouvelables dans les transports, une proportion qui ne sera pratiquement réalisée que grâce à un recours accru aux biocarburants, selon cette étude. En 2020, le litre de bioéthanol devrait coûter 19 à 41 centimes de plus par rapport au litre de carburant classique, et le biodiesel 35 à 50 centimes en plus, affirme l’étude. En réalité, le surcoût sera même encore plus élevé, car un recours accru aux biocarburants nécessitera des adaptations de moteurs et de l’infrastructure de distribution du carburant. L’étude a été réalisée sur la base de l’exemple de l’Allemagne et du Royaume Uni, « deux des plus gros consommateurs d’agro-carburants » de l’UE.

Actuellement, les biocarburants représentent 4,7% de l’énergie utilisée dans les transports en Europe. Les ONG dénoncent leur inefficacité en matière de réduction d’émissions de CO2 et leur responsabilité dans l’enchérissement des prix des matières premières agricoles. Pour Laura Sullivan, d’Action Aid, « les décideurs européens doivent revenir sur leurs objectifs et les subventions aux biocarburants, et investir dans des solutions efficace pour réduire le carbone », car « les biocarburants européens ne réduisent pas les émissions et conduisent davantage de gens à la famine ».

« Ce sont les automobilistes et l’environnement qui vont porter le fardeau de ces objectifs mal conçus en matière de biocarburants, avec des prix plus élevés et des émissions de CO2 plus élevées », dénonce de son côté Robbie Blake, des Amis de la Terre. La Commission européenne conteste en bloc ces arguments en assurant que le recours aux biocarburants dans l’UE « permettra de réduire de 21% les émissions de gaz à effet de serre en 2020 ».

Quant à l’effet des biocarburants sur les prix de l’alimentation, il ne serait que « limité », affirme la Commission, pour laquelle l’objectif de 10% d’énergies renouvelables en 2020 devrait se traduire par des hausses « modérées », de l’ordre de 3 à 6% pour les céréales et de 8 à 10% pour le colza par rapport à 2006. (afp)

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