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Energethique » Blog Archive » Ainsi fondent fondent fondent …
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Ainsi fondent fondent fondent …

Les glaces du Groenland et de l’Antarctique perdent de leur masse à un rythme accéléré, selon une nouvelle étude réalisée à partir d’observations satellitaires, financée par la Nasa et publiée mardi, qui fait craindre une montée des océans plus importante que prédit jusqu’à présent.
Cette recherche, la plus longue portant sur les changements de masse des glaces polaires, laisse penser que les pertes subies aux deux pôles dépassent celles des glaciers et des calottes de glace des montagnes pour devenir le principal contributeur à la montée des océans, selon ces chercheurs.

 

 

En outre, l’augmentation du niveau des océans pourrait se produire beaucoup plus tôt que ne le projettent les modèles actuels. Cette observation de près de vingt ans montre qu’en 2006 –année pour laquelle on dispose des données d’une étude portant sur la fonte des glaciers des montagnes– le Groenland et l’Antarctique ont perdu ensemble 475 milliards de tonnes de glace en moyenne.

 

 

Milliards de tonnes
Un tel volume est suffisant pour faire grimper le niveau des océans de 1,3 millimètre en moyenne par an. Chaque année, au cours de l’étude, les deux masses de glaces arctiques et antarctiques ont perdu ensemble 36,3 milliards de tonnes en moyenne de plus que l’année précédente.

En comparaison, l’étude de 2006 des glaciers et calottes de glace des montagnes estimait la perte à 402 milliards de tonnes par an en moyenne avec une accélération de la fonte d’une année sur l’autre trois fois plus faible que dans l’Arctique et l’Antarctique.

Si les taux de fonte aux deux pôles continuent à ces rythmes durant les quatre prochaines décennies, la perte cumulée de glace ferait monter les océans de 15 centimètres d’ici 2050, concluent les auteurs de cette étude publiée dans l’édition de mars des Geophysical Research Letters.

Montée des eaux plus forte
Outre ces 15 centimètres, la fonte des glaciers et des calottes glaciaires des montagnes ajouteraient huit centimètres sans oublier un accroissement de 9 centimètres résultant de la dilatation thermiques des eaux. Au bout du compte, les océans pourraient voir leur niveau monter de 32 centimètres d’ici 2050, selon ces chercheurs.

« Le fait que les glaces arctiques et antarctiques vont contribuer le plus à la montée des océans dans l’avenir n’est pas étonnant car elles contiennent beaucoup plus de glace que les glaciers des montagnes », note Eric Rignot, un chercheur du Jet Propulsion Laboratory de la Nasa à Pasadena (Californie) et à l’Université de Californie à Irvine, l’un des principaux auteurs de cette communication.

« Si les tendances actuelles persistent, les niveaux de la mer vont probablement être nettement plus élevés que ceux projetés par le Groupe intergouvernemental d’experts de l’ONU sur l’évolution du climat (Giec) en 2007 ». (AFP – Le Monde)

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