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Energethique » Blog Archive » Aurait on découvert le Saint Graal ?

Aurait on découvert le Saint Graal ?

L’un des problèmes majeur voire le seul problème des énergies alternatives ou vertes est le stockage de l’énergie.

Le vent fait tourner l’éolienne qui produit de l’électricité mais celle-ci n’est que très difficilement stockable dans des batteries et de toute façon avec un rendement frisant le ridicule.

Même chose pour l’énergie solaire thermique, on peut bien stocker quelques centaines de litre d’eau chaude mais cela ne dure guère que quelques heures tout au plus.

Le Saint Graal des énergies alternatives est donc de pouvoir stocker de manière durable, dans le sens temporel, cette énergie gracieusement offerte par la nature.

Il faut bien avouer que le pétrole, gaz ou charbon issu de la biomasse préhistorique sont des perles d’engineering pour le stockage de l’énergie …

Alors aurions nous découvert ce Saint Graal ?

En tout cas c’est ce que prétendent des chercheurs du Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) qui à l’aide d’une molécule, le diruthenium de fulvalene, peuvent stocker durablement de la chaleur et la restituer à la demande ; le mécanisme à fait l’objet d’une publication dans le journal Angewandte Chemie (Chimie appliquée) (1).

Cette découverte pourrait donner lieu à la mise au point de matériau se comportant comme des batteries sauf qu’au lieu de stocker de l’électricité celles ci stockerait de la chaleur, ensuite cette molécule en présence d’un catalyseur ou d’une « pichenette » d’énergie serait capable de restaurer la chaleur accumulée.

En gros le principe est que la molécule exposée au rayonnement solaire subit une excitation qui la porte dans un état énergétique supérieur stable, un peu à l’image de la phosphorescence sauf que cette molécule garde l’énergie tant qu’elle n’est pas incitée à la rendre.

Petit bémol le ruthénium est rare et donc cher, ce n’est donc clairement pas le bon choix mais maintenant que le mécanisme est compris et maitrisé il devient plus aisé de trouver des alternatives à ce métal.

Ajout du 12 novembre:
Je ne peux malheureusement pas répondre à la question de Gizmo qui s’inquiétait du rendement d’un tel mécanisme.

Néanmoins j’ai trouvé ceci : « In effect, explained Grossman, this process makes it possible to produce a « rechargeable heat battery » that can repeatedly store and release heat gathered from sunlight or other sources. In principle, Grossman said, a fuel made from fulvalene diruthenium, when its stored heat is released, « can get as hot as 200 degrees C, plenty hot enough to heat your home, or even to run an engine to produce electricity. »
Par contre et c’est l’objet de cet ajout je suis tombé sur une vidéo montrant comment fonctionne la molécule.

1) “Mechanism of Thermal Reversal of the (Fulvalene) tetracarbonyldiruthenium Photoisomerization: Toward Molecular Solar–Thermal Energy Storage” by Yosuke Kanai, Varadharajan Srinivasan, Steven K. Meier, K. Peter C. Vollhardt, Jeffrey C. Grossman. Angewandte Chemie, 20 October, 2010.

Source : DDmagazine

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