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Energethique » Blog Archive » Des OGM en réponse à la salinisation des sols
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Des OGM en réponse à la salinisation des sols

Chaque minute, la terre perd 3 hectares de terre cultivable à cause de la salinisation des sols. 80% sont d’origine naturelle alors que les 20% restants (soit 0,6 ha/minute) sont dûs à l’activité humaine, principalement l’irrigation. En effet, l’irrigation se fait souvent à partir d’eau souterraine, plus salée que l’eau de pluie, entraînant ainsi une salinisation des terres irriguées.

Le problème de la salinisation vient du fait que certains ions, comme le Na+ du sel, sont toxiques pour les plantes car elles détruisent les feuilles et empêchent donc la photosynthèse. Les chercheurs ont alors tenté de régler le problème en modifiant génétiquement la plante pour que celle-ci sont plus tolérantes au sel plutôt que de chercher à désaliniser les sols. Ils ont pensé à améliorer une caractéristique naturelle des plantes qui leur permet de se débarrasser d’une partie du sel avant qu’il n’atteigne les feuilles, là où il cause des dégâts.

Seul bémol, les plantes génétiquement modifiées ne devraient atteindre le marché que dans une dizaine d’années.

Enfin, on ne connaît pas encore réellement les effets des OGMs sur l’homme et certains nous promettent le meilleur comme le pire.

L’article sur Gizmag

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